ERGONOMICS IN THE DESIGN OF CHILDRE`S INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop principles of ergonomic and interactive design for children’s environments that ensure comfort, safety, and promote overall development. The study focuses on identifying how properly designed spaces can positively influence children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional growth. It aims to create practical recommendations for educational and cultural institutions in designing environments that correspond to children’s physiological and psychological characteristics while stimulating their learning engagement and social interaction. Methodology. The research applies a complex of methods, including observation, experimentation, surveys, and analytical approaches. Observation made it possible to identify patterns in children’s interaction with space and to determine which design elements are the most engaging and comfortable. Experimental methods were used to test the efficiency of furniture configurations, lighting, and interactive components. Surveys of parents, teachers, and children provided feedback regarding comfort, safety, and usability. Analytical synthesis of existing studies allowed to generalize theoretical foundations of ergonomics and design principles, based on works by Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and contemporary researchers. Results. The study proves that the integration of ergonomic principles into the design of interactive environments significantly enhances children’s physical comfort, concentration, and involvement in learning and play processes. Ergonomically adapted furniture supports correct posture and reduces spinal strain. Zoning that includes areas for individual work, collective activities, and rest contributes to balanced development and social interaction. Interactive technologies – such as touch panels, digital boards, and multimedia systems – stimulate creativity, critical thinking, and independent learning. The choice of neutral or pastel color schemes, combined with proper natural and artificial lighting and sound insulation, reduces stress and supports children’s emotional stability. Scientific novelty. The study systematizes ergonomic principles in the design of children’s interactive spaces by integrating pedagogical and technological approaches. It introduces an “ergonomic-interactive environment” concept, defined as an adaptive system that responds to the user’s age-specific and individual needs. The proposed model offers a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between a child and their spatial environment, combining functional, psychological, and social factors. Practical relevance. The results can be applied in the design of educational institutions, kindergartens, libraries, play centers, and art-therapy spaces. The proposed design principles form the basis for developing ergonomic furniture, interactive modules, and creative learning areas. Implementing these approaches contributes to the creation of safe, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasant environments that foster children’s imagination, attention, motor skills, and social competence.