METHODS FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF AIRCRAFT ELECTRONIC SYS-TEMS USING THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Abstract

The article considers methods for monitoring the condition of aircraft electronic systems using Internet of Things technologies. It is shown that IoT monitoring makes it possible to move from a single check of individual electronic units to the systematic collection, transmission, accumulation and analytical processing of diagnostic data during aircraft operation. Special attention is paid to the operation of an aging aircraft fleet, for which the individualization of maintenance, consideration of the actual operational history of a specific aircraft and timely detection of hidden degradation processes are of particular importance. It is substantiated that diagnostic parameters of electronic systems have a stochastic and non-stationary nature, while their trends may change under the influence of flight modes, temperature loads, vibration, power supply quality, maintenance actions and other operational factors. The need to take into account the change-point effect is considered, when the statistical properties of the observed process change and further forecasting should be performed for a new quasi-stationary stage. A generalized scheme of IoT monitoring data flow from the aircraft to the ground-based technical operation system is proposed. This scheme includes the aircraft maintenance base, maintenance hangar, engineering center, reliability service, operational database and decision support system. The article considers methods for processing monitoring data, including threshold analysis, trend analysis, event analysis, statistical estimation, regression analysis, statistical classification, anomaly detection, forecasting and data processing under the change-point effect. The use of data quality indicators, an integral monitoring indicator, a maintenance priority indicator and criteria for selecting diagnostically significant parameters is substantiated. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of improving diagnostic reliability, reducing troubleshooting time, decreasing the number of unjustified replacements of electronic units, improving maintenance planning and increasing the economic efficiency of aircraft operation.