MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF INCLUSIVENESS AND ACCESSIBILITY OF HISTORIC PUBLIC SPACES

Abstract

This study analyses current trends in the development of inclusive historic public spaces, characterized by a shift from ensuring physical accessibility to a comprehensive approach that incorporates cognitive and digital elements through the use of information and digital technologies. Purpose.The aim of this study is to summarize current trends in the development of inclusive and accessible historical public spaces and to identify the key principles of their architectural and planning organization. Methodology. The study employs a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of academic publications and regulatory documents from international organizations (UNESCO, ICOMOS, ISO), a comparative analysis of international practices in the organization of historical public spaces, as well as methods of systematization and generalization. Results. It has been established that modern requirements for historic public spaces call for a comprehensive approach to creating an inclusive environment, encompassing physical accessibility as well as cognitive and digital aspects of accessibility. The importance of using digital technologies and artificial intelligence, applied both at the research and design stages (BIM, GIS, digital twins) and during the operation of spaces through interactive services, navigation systems and personalized information solutions, has been substantiated. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a three-level model of inclusivity for historic public spaces is proposed, encompassing physical, cognitive and digital levels, the integration of which ensures comprehensive accessibility of the environment. The approach to understanding inclusiveness as a multidimensional category, combining spatial, informational and technological aspects of environmental organization, has been expanded. Practical relevance. The research findings can be utilized in the development of architectural and planning solutions for public spaces, in the processes of reconstructing the historical environment, and in the formulation of strategies for the post-war reconstruction of Ukrainian cities. The proposed approaches can be applied in regulatory and design practice to enhance the level of inclusivity and the quality of the urban environment. Keywords: inclusivity, public spaces, historic public spaces, accessibility, universal design, cognitive accessibility, digital inclusivity, cultural heritage, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, digital twins, urban environment, architectural and planning organization.