COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS IN DIS (REVIEW)

Abstract

The study presents a comparative analysis of distributed transaction management protocols - the Two-Phase Commit (2PC), Three-Phase Commit (3PC), Saga pattern, and Try-Confirm-Cancel (TCC) - in the context of transport distributed information systems (DIS), where reliability, low latency, and scalability are critical. Transportation DIS are characterized by a diversity of services (scheduling, pricing, payments, reservations, telemetry) and the need for inter-service transactions. Based on modern publications and practical applications, comparison criteria were established (consistency and isolation guarantees, latency, throughput, failure blocking, implementation complexity), and a generalized comparison table of the main protocols’ characteristics was presented.It is shown that 2PC provides strict ACID guarantees and a familiar programming model, but may lead to system blocking in case of coordinator failures. 3PC mitigates the blocking problem by introducing an additional phase, but this complicates implementation and increases communication overhead. In contrast, the Saga pattern ensures data consistency through a sequence of local transactions with compensations, improving fault tolerance and performance at the expense of allowing temporary data inconsistency. TCC introduces preliminary resource reservation with confirmation/cancellation, increasing consistency compared to Saga, but requires even more complex implementation and still operates under eventual consistency. Recommendations are formulated for engineers on selecting the optimal transaction mechanism depending on system priorities: when immediate consistency is paramount - a localized 2PC or 3PC is advisable; when availability and speed are more important - Saga/TCC dominate; a hybrid combination ensures a balanced compromise between performance, scalability, and data integrity requirements in DIS.