ECO-ENGINEERING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRACTORS AND AUTOMOBILES: TRIBOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REDUCTION LOSSES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/0370-2197.3(112).21618Keywords:
eco-engineering, energy efficiency, friction, wear, internal combustion engine, tractor, automobile, lubricants, coatings, tribological optimizationAbstract
The paper addresses the problem of improving the energy efficiency of tractors and automobiles from the standpoint of eco-engineering and tribology. The contribution of friction losses to the overall energy balance of internal combustion engines and transmissions is analyzed. It is established that friction losses in engines account for 17–19% of the total power, with the cylinder liner–piston ring tribopair contributing up to 45% of mechanical losses. It is shown that the application of modern tribological solutions – low-viscosity lubricants, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, laser surface texturing, and automated hydraulic control systems – allows reducing friction losses by 15–40%, with corresponding reductions in fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. The results of experimental studies on the influence of tribological optimization on the energy efficiency of mobile machines are presented. Promising directions for further research in the field of ecological tribology of vehicles are substantiated, in particular the development of bio-based lubricants, intelligent monitoring of the condition of tribocontacts, and adaptive lubrication systems.
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