Analysis of the Use of Electronic Trust Services in the European Union and Ukraine

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structure and dynamics of the qualified electronic trust services market in EU countries, based on data from the EU LOTL (List of Trusted Lists) and national trusted lists. The study identifies 278 active providers across 30 countries, revealing a significant cross-border asymmetry in the number of providers and the level of population coverage. It is shown that, as of 2026, the new trust services introduced by the eIDAS 2 Regulation have not yet been implemented with a "granted" status. The research substantiates that the adoption rate of electronic identification serves as a key indicator of trust services utilization in the EU, whereas statistics on the provision of other services remain fragmented. It is determined that Ukraine demonstrates indicators comparable to or exceeding the EU averages in terms of transaction volumes and coverage. A transition towards intensive market development is noted, driven in particular by the expansion of applied use cases. The article concludes that Ukraine is technically and regulatorily prepared for the mutual recognition of trust services with the EU, subject to further legislative harmonization and the implementation of a digital identity infrastructure compatible with the EUDI Wallet.