ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF SOIL AND SURFACE WATER POLLUTION BY AGROCHEMICALS

Abstract

The environmental risks associated with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture are considered. The mechanisms of migration of agrochemicals from arable land to soils and surface water bodies are analyzed, as well as their impact on the physicochemical and biological properties of soils and water quality. The main environmental threats are identified, in particular, the degradation of the fertile soil layer, chronic toxic load on agroecosystems and eutrophication of water bodies. The directions for minimizing the negative impact of agrochemicals through rational land use, compliance with environmentally sound fertilizer application rates, the use of soil protection technologies and environmental monitoring systems are substantiated.