Dynamic routing method in mobile software-defined networks using artificial intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.86.21277Keywords:
artificial intelligence, software-defined networks, SDN, T-GNN, mobile networks, dynamic routing, predictive routing, QoSAbstract
The article examines the problem of ensuring effective routing and load balancing in mobile Software-Defined Networks (SDN), which are characterized by high node mobility and frequent topology changes. Existing solutions based on classical static approaches or basic artificial intelligence models (for example, multilayer perceptron) have a significant drawback: they analyze the network state as a snapshot at a fixed moment in time and are unable to capture temporal changes and the evolution of the topology graph. This leads to SDN controller overload and reduced Quality of Service (QoS) due to constant link breaks. To solve this problem, a conceptual architecture for a predictive routing system based on Temporal Graph Neural Networks (T-GNN) is proposed. The suggested approach allows for modeling spatio-temporal dependencies in the network, predicting the future state of connections based on historical data, and establishing routes proactively, which significantly reduces the load on the control plane.
References
Aktas F., Shayea I., Ergen M. et al. AI-enabled routing in next generation networks: A survey. Alexandria Engineering Journal. Vol. 120, 01.05.2025. P. 449–474. DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.095.
Wu Y.-J., Hwang P.-C., Hwang W.-S. et al. Artificial Intelligence Enabled Routing in Software Defined Networking. Applied Sciences. Vol. 10, № 18. DOI:10.3390/app10186564.
Piroddi A., Fonti R. SDN-Driven Innovations in MANETs and IoT: A Path to Smarter Networks. Journal of Advances in Information Technology. Vol. 16, 01.01.2025. P. 411–425. DOI:10.12720/jait.16.3.411-425.
Mahmood A., Zhang W. E., Sheng Q. Z. Software-Defined Heterogeneous Vehicular Networking: The Architectural Design and Open Challenges. Future Internet. Vol. 11, № 3. DOI:10.3390/fi11030070.
Stampa G., Arias M., Sanchez-Charles D. et al. A Deep-Reinforcement Learning Approach for Software-Defined Networking Routing Optimization. arXiv, 2017. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.1709.07080.
Almasan P., Suarez-Varela J., Wu B. et al. Towards Real-Time Routing Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Open Challenges. 2021. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2106.09754.
Azzouni A., Boutaba R., Pujolle G. NeuRoute: Predictive Dynamic Routing for Software-Defined Networks. arXiv, 2017. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.1709.06002.
Rusek K., Suárez-Varela J., Almasan P. et al. RouteNet: Leveraging Graph Neural Networks for Network Modeling and Optimization in SDN. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. Vol. 38, Issue 10. P. 2260–2270. DOI:10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000405.
Jiang W., Han H., Zhang Y. et al. Graph Neural Networks for Routing Optimization: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability. Vol. 16, № 21. DOI:10.3390/su16219239.
He Y., Xiao G., Zhu J. et al. Reinforcement learning-based SDN routing scheme empowered by causality detection and GNN. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience. Vol. 18, 29.04.2024. DOI:10.3389/fncom.2024.1393025.
Rovira-Sugranes A., Razi A., Afghah F. et al. A review of AI-enabled routing protocols for UAV networks: Trends, challenges, and future outlook. Ad Hoc Networks. Vol. 130, 01.05.2022. P. 102790. DOI:10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.102790.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The scientific journal adheres to the principles of Open Access and provides free, immediate, and permanent access to all published materials without financial, technical, or legal barriers for readers.
All articles are published in Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Copyright
Authors who publish their works in the journal:
-
retain the copyright to their publications;
-
grant the journal the right of first publication of the article;
-
agree to the distribution of their materials under the CC BY 4.0 license;
-
have the right to reuse, archive, and distribute their works (including in institutional and subject repositories), provided that proper reference is made to the original publication in the journal.




