MODERN AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR GARDEN AND PARK OBJECTS

Abstract

In today’s context, the development of garden and park facilities involves a harmonious blend of aesthetic, environmental and functional elements, with the rational use of water resources playing a key role. Automatic irrigation systems ensure regular watering, optimise water consumption and simplify plant maintenance. The planning and design of such a system takes into account the layout of the site, microclimatic conditions, terrain, functional purpose and the bioecological characteristics of the plants. The use of sensors, controllers and modern internet-based technologies allows the irrigation process to be automated, water supply schedules to be flexibly adjusted in line with changes in environmental conditions, the risks of water and temperature stress to be anticipated, and errors and wastage of water and energy resources to be avoided. This article examines the main types and operating principles of automatic irrigation systems, their components and general approaches to the automation of green space maintenance, as well as the standards and regulations governing relations and control in this field. Purpose – to investigate the organisation of automatic irrigation systems in gardens and parks for effective plant watering and economical water use. Methodology. A comprehensive analysis and synthesis of existing scientific and theoretical literature and practical experience regarding the organisation, characteristics and design of automatic irrigation systems, with a view to formulating recommendations for their effective application. The following methods were employed in the study: scientific inquiry, terminological analysis, functional analysis, systems-structural analysis, and logical-normative analysis. Results. Automatic irrigation systems ensure uniform irrigation of the soil and vegetation cover in garden and park facilities and optimise water consumption. In modern landscaping, the following types of automatic irrigation systems are mainly used: drip, sprinkler, micro-irrigation and combined. This variety, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each type, allows for the selection of optimal irrigation systems for any site. The use of sensors and controllers enables the automation of the irrigation process and the maintenance of optimal conditions for green spaces. Scientific novelty. This paper outlines the sequence of stages in the development of water supply technologies. A comparative analysis of various automatic irrigation systems has been carried out, and a list of their advantages and disadvantages has been compiled. The main directions for the development of innovations in automatic irrigation technologies have been summarised. Practical relevance. The generalised results of our work will be useful for improving the efficiency of water use in urban greening and agricultural production: the content of this article will be helpful when selecting automatic irrigation systems depending on the characteristics of the green space. The systematised approaches can be used in the teaching process when delivering courses on irrigation, plant cultivation in the context of urban water supply, the protection of green spaces, and modern green building technologies.