IMPRESSIONISM AS A METHOD OF LANDSCAPE SPACE FORMATION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the artistic movement of Impressionism through the prism of its influence on the formation of contemporary landscape approaches. Common aesthetic, compositional, and philosophical principles are analyzed, in particular, the focus on the emotional perception of space, the dynamics of natural processes, the variability of light, and seasonality. Particular attention is paid to the parallels between the painting techniques of the Impressionists and the methods of organizing the landscape environment based on naturalness, asymmetry, and the rejection of rigid canons. It has been proven that impressionistic thinking is an important conceptual basis for the development of contemporary naturalistic landscape practices. Purpose. Identification and justification of conceptual and artistic-spatial parallels between impressionism as an artistic movement and contemporary natural landscape styles, as well as determination of their influence on the contemporary formation of the landscape environment. Methodology. The study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods of art history, historical and cultural, and landscape and architectural analysis. The work uses a comparative method to compare the artistic principles of impressionism with spatial techniques of landscape design, as well as a generalization method to form theoretical conclusions. Analysis of literary sources and scientific publications allows us to trace the evolution of ideas of naturalness and emotional perception of space in art and landscape design. Results. Impressionism has significantly influenced the formation of contemporary naturalistic landscape approaches. Common principles have been identified, including the dominance of impression over formal composition, the use of light as a key element of spatial organization, and an emphasis on the variability and processuality of the natural environment. It has been proven that the landscape styles of the “new wave” transform impressionistic ideas into spatial models focused on sustainable development, biodiversity, and active human interaction with nature. Scientific novelty. For the first time, parallels between the painting principles of the Impressionists and the methods of contemporary landscape design have been systematized from the perspective of spatial dynamics and sensory perception. Practical relevance. The results obtained can be used in the professional activities of landscape architects, designers, and urban planners in the formation of landscape and naturalistic spaces. The research materials can be applied in the educational process of higher education institutions specializing in architecture and art, as well as in the development of concepts for public green spaces.