РECULIARITIES OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF INCLUSION IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING MODERN UNIVERSAL DESIGN

Abstract

In the modern world, the issues of social inclusion and spatial accessibility have ceased to be purely technical tasks of architectural design. Despite the existence of a comprehensive system of state building codes (DBN), the mechanical implementation of accessibility elements often fails to achieve its intended goal, remaining a formal «attachment» to the urban environment. The relevance of this study is driven by the necessity to redefine inclusion not merely as a set of ramps or lifts, but as a profound socio-cultural process that determines the viability and resilience of communities. Purpose. The study aims to analyze the interplay between the concepts of social inclusion, accessibility, and universal design within the context of community development, and to substantiate the need for a paradigm shift from a technical to a socio-cultural understanding of inclusive processes. Methodology. The research employs «interpretive methodology» (Verstehende Methodologie) and existential phenomenology as alternatives to post-positivist control. Results. The study demonstrates that accessibility is secondary to inclusion, serving as a material manifestation and a qualitative indicator of the inclusive process rather than its root cause. It is revealed that a reductionist focus solely on physical barriers (architectural accessibility), while ignoring mental and psychosocial aspects, leads to alienation between residents and the built environment. Inclusion is established as a dynamic, temporal process that evolves independently of external design. Scientific novelty. The author proposes a paradigm shift in the perception of inclusion: moving away from treating it as a set of technical standards (building codes) toward understanding it as a complex, dynamic, and temporal socio-cultural process. The study substantiates the organic nature of inclusive mechanisms even within rigid hierarchical structures. Practical relevance. The proposed approach allows architects and researchers to adopt the position of a «participant observer», facilitating the creation of solutions that resonate with the authentic needs and meanings of communities. Inclusion is framed as a strategic mechanism for human capital accumulation, which is vital for sustainable territorial development and social cohesion.